Thứ Hai, 19 tháng 11, 2012

Entry 4_Trần Thị Hiệt


ENTRY 4
Argument Structures and Fallacies

ITEM 1



=> Appeal to popularity (Fallacies of Relevance)
Analysis:
Hàng triệu bạn gái dùng dầu gội Sunsilk
Và họ có được mái tóc mềm mượt
…………………………………………
Vì vậy dùng Sunsilk bạn sẽ có được mái tóc mềm mượt
=> This is weak and invalid argument

ITEM 2
Chồng con kêu con là chó
Ông chồng và bà vợ đang tranh luận về việc nấu nướng. Bà vợ cho rằng nấu khoai tây thì mỗi nồi chỉ nên cho một muỗng muối trong khi ông chồng cho rằng hai muỗng thì ngon hơn. Ông chồng nhẹ nhàng:Cười
- Tôi nghĩ, trong chuyện này mình không hẳn đúng đâu.
- Cái gì? Tôi không đúng? Ông nói thế là ý gì hả? Ông định nói rằng tôi không đúng. Ông định nói là tôi hoàn toàn sai chứ gì? Tôi sai nghĩa là tôi đã nói dối phải không! Tôi nói dối thì có nghĩa là tôi ăn nói không như một con người. Ông định nói là tôi sủa bậy như con cún phải không? Ối mẹ ơi, chồng con nó kêu con là chó. Mẹ ơi!

=> Slippery slope ( Fallacies of Presumption)
Analysis:
The wife’ inference follows this:
If the husband says that she is incorrect.
(Hidden premise:  If she is incorrect, she totally wrongs)
Then she totally wrongs.
(If she totally wrong, it means she lies)
Then she lies
(If she lies, she is not speaking like human)
Then she is not speaking like human.
(The person not speaking like human, she barks like a puppy)
Then she barks as a puppy
(Puppy is dog, so her husband calls her a dog)

Then her husband calls her a dog.

•        The structure of the wife argument is:

All the incorrect saying is baked by a dog.
She is incorrect.

 Therefore, she likes a dog.


In this story, the wife makes a “slippery slope”. She base on the false premises and insufficient premises to infer her husband saying to absolute different meaning.

ITEM 3
The accident


You are an emergency worker that has just been called to the scene of an accident. When you arrive, you see that the car belongs to your wife. Fearing the worst, you rush over to see she is trapped in her car with another man.
She sees you and although barely conscious, she manages to mouth the words “I’m sorry...”
You don’t understand, but her look answers you question. The man next to her is her lover with whom she’s been having an affair.
You reel back in shock, devastated by what her eyes have just told you. As you step back, the wreck in front of you comes into focus. You see your wife is seriously hurt and she needs attention straight away. Even if she gets attention there’s a very high chance she’ll die.
You look at the seat next to her and see her lover. He’s bleeding heavily from a wound to the neck and you need to stem the flow of blood immediately. It will only take about 5 minutes to stop, but it will mean your wife will definitely die.
If you tend to your wife however, the man will bleed despite the fact it could have been avoided.

=> False dilemma (Fallacies of Presumption)
Analysis:
The man has falsely gotten himself into a dilemma because he was limited to only two choices. There is also another way for the man to solve the situation. There are many emergency workers going with him, so he just needs to ask another skilled worker to help his wife's lover while he helps his wife with her injury. By demanding other choices beyond these limited ones, the man can avoid being on the horns of a dilemma.
Source
Item 1: http://www.google.com.vn/imgres?q=quang+cao+sunsilk+cua+ho+ngoc+ha&num=10&hl=vi&biw=1366&bih=667&tbm=isch&tbnid=-rwRCwX8pVFKGM:&imgrefurl=http://brand.hoo.vn/dai-su-thuong-hieu.xml&docid=ssO-PTAP-fnECM&imgurl=http://brand.hoo.vn/content/uploads/2010/07/sunsilk.jpg&w=400&h=400&ei=4VeqUOqmIeqviQeW2IH4Bg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=2&sig=102808922170157575109&page=1&tbnh=138&tbnw=137&start=0&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:66&tx=292&ty=266
Item 2: http://hoibi.net/truyen-cuoi/3510-suy-dien-logic-dieu-toa.htm
Item 3: http://listverse.com/2007/10/21/top-10-moral-dilemmas/

8 nhận xét:

  1. Nhận xét này đã bị tác giả xóa.

    Trả lờiXóa
  2. In item 1, You should analyze this argument ( premises and conclusion) in English. Besides, your analysis of your first item is not clear enough. You should point out the reason why it is weak and invalid argument.

    Trả lờiXóa
  3. In the 1st item, if you want to show the invalidity of the ad, I think you shoud analyzy that
    Millions of girls(many of girls) use shampoo Sunsilk and they have smooth hair
    If you use shampoo Sunsilk
    -----------------------------
    You will have smooth hair
    => invalid

    Trả lờiXóa
  4. I have some comments on your entry:
    Item 1: It’s slippery slope as you mentioned. However, I think there are no hidden premises here (Except for the last “Puppy is dog, so her husband calls her a dog” because what you consider as hidden premises is shown on the story.
    Item 3: It’s a bit too long to read 
    -First, you should show its type of fallacy clearly instead of writing “The man has falsely gotten himself into a dilemma..” in your entry because the reader may not pay attention.
    -You ought to write the structure of argument here before analyzing too long like this.

    Trả lờiXóa
  5. I think item 1 has also structural fallacy (affirming the consequent):
    If you use Shampoo Sunsilk, you have smooth hair
    You have smooth hair
    Therefore, you used Shampoo Sunsilk.
    If A, then B
    B
    Therefore, A
    => True structure: direct way of reasoning
    If A, then B
    A
    Therefore, B
    _ Item 2, I think there are no hidden promise here.

    Trả lờiXóa
  6. In item 1:
    - I think your way of analysing structure has problem - illogical:
    the correct structure:
    Sử dụng Sunsilk mang lại cho hàng triệu bạn gái mái tóc mềm mại
    (If A, then B)
    Bạn sử dụng Sunsilk (A)
    _________________________________________________________________
    Bạn có mái tóc mềm mại (Therfore, B)

    Trả lờiXóa
  7. item 2
    the word "like" should be an adj here not be a Verb
    "Therefore, she likes a dog." => she is like a dog. ok?

    Trả lờiXóa
  8. In item 1, I think u should analyse structure to point that it is invalid

    Trả lờiXóa